Hospitality Industry Organizations

Introduction Hospitality industry organizations are fields in the service industry, which offer lodging services, transportation, theme parks, restaurants, and cruise lines among other services. This industry exclusively relies on leisure time and disposable income (Hodgetts Luthans 2003).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hospitality Industry Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, culture shock is a situation whereby an individual develops nervous feelings because of the unfamiliar environment to which he or she has shifted (Hodgetts Luthans 2003). As per this case, when an employee is transferred to or shifts to a different work station with new ways of life from those in the former station of work, the individual is likely to experience culture shock. Culture shock is one of the most significant topics discussed in the 21st century in many organisations. In today’s world econ omy, cultural diversity is unavoidable hence organisations should train their employees on how to embrace it and live with it positively rather than avoiding it. Moreover, if cultural diversity is received positively in an organisation, it develops the organisation to greater heights. However, this can be the opposite if cultural diversity is not received positively in an organisation. Various employees in hospitality industry organizations have experienced culture shock when transferred to new working environments but some have managed to adapt the shock depending on how the employees are trained and how ready they are to absorb the shock. For instance, in hospitality industry organisations, an employee may shift to an environment where a certain food is eaten, whereas in his former working station or home, that type of food is not edible and it is considered unclean.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, in some parts of the world, dog meat is consumed while in other places, the dog meat is considered ‘unclean’. In this case, an employee from the part of the world where dog meat is considered ‘unclean’ is transferred to a region where the meat is eaten; this individual is likely to undergo culture shock. Communication skills and intellectual awareness are the key skills for coping with culture shock in hospitality industry (Kumar 2000). These two skills are more significant to managers than to other employees because the hospitality industry organisations experience labor movement worldwide. Managers in these organisations are challenged in their workforces to deal with culture shock. This is achievable by training the workforce on the importance of communication skills and intercultural awareness (Kumar 2000). This avails opportunities for hospitality industrial organisations to leverage their expertise and knowledg e around the globe. Stages of adjusting to new cultures There are three significant stages unto which foreign employees or professionals are acculturated. First, the employee has to discover through encountering the differences and barriers which cause frustration and discomfort to them as well as their families. Second, these employees begin to search for resources and people who can assist them overcome the cultural barriers on their way. Third, they will be required to adapt by making necessary adjustments to their style of working, communicating styles, and business practices so as to build good relationships with the natives in the new working environment (Malekzadeh Nahavandi 1993).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hospitality Industry Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some employees may fail to make it through the three stages hence they may remain in the first or the second stage and the fi nal result is that they will remain isolated from their colleagues in the work place, and this makes them less effective in their jobs as well as in the output of the organisation. Intercultural Awareness and Communication Skills Globalization of businesses is viewed from the perspective of our professional and personal lives where opportunities are created for people to meet, interact, and live with their colleagues from unique cultural backgrounds (Hellriegel Slocum 2000). Once an individual adopts a new life style from a different culture, he or she widens thinking and creates an open mind to fit in any part of the world. This is the same case in business because if an employee is transferred to a new working station and decides to introduce a different menu from the previous one, this menu is likely to better than the previous one and is likely to boost the business (Bennis Nanus 2003). Communication among people of different cultural orientations is paramount for successful p erformance of any organisation in the market economy. To develop communication skills and intercultural awareness, there are various considerations to be observed. The culture-general and culture-specific approaches are critical to the development of these abilities. The culture-general approach is concerned with the training and generic issues, which surround culture as well as the skills and knowledge (Bennis Nanus 2003).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Culture-general aspects are crucial to those employees who are recruited to intercultural interaction positions; hence, they require immediate training as part of the selection criteria. The culture-specific training comes later to build on culture-general training after the individual has moved to his or her specific location of work. Culture shock and associated stress A new cultural environment signals a new stimuli to an individual for which he or she has not learned the appropriate responses (Adler 2002). These differences could crop from expectations, food, eating styles, language of communication, and the concept of personal space among others. Some researchers suggest that adapting to a new environment begins with excitement, the disillusionment and the state of culture shock (Harrison Carroll 2006). This shock comes up when physical and physiological rewards are difficult and uncertain to predict or control. For instance, if an employee is transferred to a lodging where he or she is required to massage clients who lodge there, she may find it quite shocking if she was initially working in another environment where massaging was not part of the services. Responses to culture shock There are three responses to culture shock namely; resistance, assimilation, and acculturation. Resisting is rejecting the new culture encountered and powerfully defending one’s own traditions. Assimilation is rejecting one’s own traditions and embracing the new culture he or she comes across. Finally acculturation is training oneself to live with the new culture while holding to ones own traditions (BlaÃ… ¡ko, Netter Sinkey 2002). Managers in hospitality organisations are required to be familiar with symptoms of culture shock so that they can always tell when their employees are experiencing culture shock. These symptoms include; reluctance to learn the new language, and feelings of helplessness among others (Abdou Kliche 2004). Most employees in hospitality industry take more than a year to embrace the acculturation phase. The process of adapting the new culture can be either stimulating or stressing; depending on various factors. These factors include individual factors like age, sex, education level, and past experiences among others. Aspects of the job may also enhance or hamper an employee from adapting to the new environment. For instance, role clarity can assist the employee adapt the new environment while role conflict or role discretion is likely to make the employee hate the new working environment even more. Competitive advantage of cultural diversity in hospitality industrial organisations According to Hostede’s cultural dimension theory (1980), cultural differences create international awareness as well as multiculturalism for the sake of cultural introspection (Hofstede 2001). Employees from various cultural backgrounds think and interact differently, and they develop different mental programs. Hofstede analyses th at there is a close similarity between culture, family, professions, political systems, legislations, and ethnic and regional groups among others (Hofstede 2001). He argues that there is need to change mental programs to suit the changing behaviour so that we can achieve value change. However, he adds that some groups like Gypsies, Basques, and Jews have opted maintaining their identity over a long period of time without changing (Hofstede 2001). Hofstede further demonstrates that there are regional and national groups of people who affect the organizational behaviour (Hofstede 2001). He outlined the four dimensions of culture which include; power distance, uncertain avoidance, individualism verses collectivism, masculinity verses femininity, and later added long versus short term orientation. Power distance According to Hofstede (2001), various societies have different solutions to social inequality. In organisations, inequality is practiced but invisibly. That is why there is the boss and the subordinate staff. According to Hofstede (2001), organisations portray how inequality is practised in the society. He argues that the subordinate staffs try to reduce the power between them and the boss, but the boss always tries to enlarge it. He relates these to organisations and says that organizations with good performance have high inequality and the organizations with low performance have low inequality gap. Uncertainty avoidance This is coping with uncertain future, and various societies cope differently with law, technology, and religion. Hofstede (2001) argues that these societies deal with this aspect in two ways, which are rational and non-rational. For instance, rituals are dealt with non-rationally, and they include control system, planning, accounting systems nomination of experts, and reports among others. Individualism verses collectivism This is lack of harmony from the individual and collective-goal perspective. According to Hofstede (2001), this aspec t is reflected by employees within organisations. Collectivist employees are emotionally independent of their organizational members and more especially when in an equilibrium state. Organisations are required to show responsibility on their members. Organizational problems should be solved collectively other than individually to achieve a quick and lasting solution. According to Hofstede (2001), although some states U.S. prefer individualism, collectivism is the best in working out organizational matters. Masculinity verses femininity Masculinity and femininity portray the gender which dominate the society whether it is men or women. This is seen from the perspective views of cultural values, power relations and division of labour. Long verses short term orientation The long term orientation deals with the search of virtue by the society while short term orientation is concerned with seeking of the absolute truth by the society. These short term oriented societies think normatively , respect traditions, rarely save for the future, and are not ready to achieve quick results (Hofstede 2001). Long term oriented society has members who believe that truth must come out of situations, time, and contexts. They prefer adapting traditions to changing conditions and they have a strong urge of investing and saving (Morrison 2002). Cultural Diversity is a source of international competitive advantage Cultural diversity, and more especially cultural absorption, creates an opportunity in an organization to bring in new ideas, which stimulate the organization to start thinking innovatively and creatively. Most hospitality industrial organizations, who embrace a diverse work force, are advantaged to have a creative competitive advantage. Globalization has come with diversified cultures, religions, languages, peculiarities, and characters in the work place (Harris Moran 2000). Hence, most organizations are advised to be multicultural so that they are able to accept both famil iar and strange cultures. Diversity management is an important tool for embracing cultural diversity. Cultural diversity has the disadvantageous side. For instance, when an individual is required to shift to another country it begins with total confusion. It is not easy for an employee to accept strange beliefs, values, and ideas because they suddenly realize that their expectations are not conceding with reality (Bligh 2006). Organizations, which have subsidiaries in other countries, are required to consider this aspect. If this aspect is not put into consideration, its employees are expected to undergo culture shock. Employees, who move to new cultures without diversity management training, are likely to experience isolation, anxiety, performance deficit and helplessness, which will automatically affect their work performance (Bligh 2006). Organisations in the current world economy are striving to escape cultural clashes by developing corporate culture which is unique to each orga nisation (Cartwright Cooper 1995). The stronger the culture of an organization is the fundamental competitive advantageous the organization is. Handling cultural diversity in organizations Managers and other senior organizational leaders are able to detect the existence of cultural diversity in their organizations by acknowledging the differences among their employees. After realizing this aspect, they should let it grow in a positive way (Hill 2000). This can be achieved by developing better communication skills between management and other employees. Usage of similar communication skills and communicating at the same level in the organisation is likely to promote and enhance negotiations, meetings, contracts, and the growth of the organisation in general. Conclusion It is important to think of cultural diversity as we move to the globalised workforce environment. Although it is difficult to measure attitudes, beliefs, values, and skills of different cultures, any hospitality indu strial organization; which would like to expand its activities from domestic to international market has to consider the issue of cultural diversity before entering the international market. This is because in each country, there is cultural conflict. If the misunderstandings of people from different cultures are not handled professionally, it can lead to total collapse of the organization. International managers are expected to be aware of Trans-cultural competence and cultural difference. Cultural diversity helps in the creation of multicultural working environment and deletes all stereotypes and prejudices. Organisations have are expected to embrace cultural diversity from the time go to avoid future organizational challenges like unmotivated employees due to culture shock. The human resource management team within organisations is the group to play the key role in ensuring appropriate cultural diversity in their organisations. Most organisations which have embraced cultural dive rsity have gained competitive advantage worldwide and those which have not embraced this aspect should give it a chance to enjoy its fruits. Reference List Abdou, K Kliche, S 2004, â€Å"The strategic alliances between the American and German companies†, European Business Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 8-27. Adler, NJ 2002, International dimensions of organisational behaviour, South-Western, Canada. Bennis, W Nanus, B 2003, Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge, HarperCollins Publishers, New York. BlaÃ… ¡ko, M, Netter, JM Sinkey, JF 2002, â€Å"Value creation and challenges of an international transaction: The DaimlerChrysler merger†, International Review 108 of Financial Analysis, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 77-102. Bligh, MC 2006, â€Å"Post-merger „Culture Clash‟: Can Cultural Leadership Lessen Casualties?†, Sage Publications, vol. 2, no.4, pp. 395–426. Cartwright, S Cooper CL 1995, â€Å"Organisational Marriage: hard versus soft issues?† Pe rsonnel Review, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 32-42. Harris, PR Moran, RT 2000, Managing Cultural Differences: Leadership 110 Strategies for a New World of Business, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. Harrison, JR Carroll, G 2006, Culture and Demography in Organizations, Princeton University press, New Jersey. Hellriegel, D Slocum, JW 2000, Management, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London. Hill, CWL 2000, International Business: Competing in the global Marketplace, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Hodgetts, RM Luthans, F 2003, International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behaviour, 5th edn, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Hofstede, G 2001, Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, Sages Publications, Inc., London. Kumar, V 2000, International marketing research, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. Malekzadeh, A Nahavandi, A 1993, Organizational Culture in the Management of Mergers, Quorum Books, Westport, CT. Morri son, J 2002, The International Business Environment, Bath Press, Bath. This report on Hospitality Industry Organizations was written and submitted by user Mckenz1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Willy Russell Educating Rita Essays

Willy Russell Educating Rita Essays Willy Russell Educating Rita Essay Willy Russell Educating Rita Essay Essay Topic: Literature The play is about a working class hairdresser from Liverpool, that wants to be educated, hence the title Educating Rita. Her tutor, Frank is an English lecturer who is teaching in the Open University for the money. The play is set in Franks office. Frank and Rita in the beginning have a teacher pupil relationship that changes to friendship, and subsequently turns back to teacher pupil and towards the end back to friendship. The play is staged with only two main parts and on one set. This allows the audience to become closer to the two characters easier because they are the only characters shown. This means that the audience had to imagine the other characters. The film however has many sets and a more characters, it also gives more of an insight to the working class and middle class home life. I preferred the play because it had a superior dialogue and didnt stray to far from the main point of the play. Our first impressions of Frank are that he is an alcoholic, who hides his drink. Jubilantly he moves to the Dickens section and pulls out a pile of books to reveal a bottle of whisky. He takes the bottle from the shelf and goes to the small table by the door and pours himself a large slug into the mug is his hand. Frank has taken on the Open University work to pay for his drink. It is also obvious from the out set that Frank is middle class, this is shown by his profession, a university lecturer, his speech, standard English and his food, lamb and ratatouille. He also shows his lack of will power when he breaks his promise not to smoke. Frank is very cynical about the education system and has a dry humour. He is almost always apathetic about life; encased in his own environment, his office and his senses become dulled. This is shown when Rita first comes to Franks office and notices the religious painting on the wall and describes it as erotic to which Frank replies, Actually I dont think Ive looked at it for about ten years, He doesnt take notice of his surroundings. In contrast, Rita is a working class hairdresser from Liverpool who decides to take on an English Open University Course to discover herself and to improve her way of life. In the first scene Rita bursts into Franks office and this has a dramatic effect. Rita has a good sense of humour, which keeps the play more interesting at the beginning. She is also assertive, however she sometimes puts herself down because of her lack of formal education. Ritas language is full of slang and swearing. So y switch it off an say, thats fuckin rubbish. Rita believes that the course she is doing will be the key to changing her life. The relationship between Frank and Rita starts at a teacher pupil basis, Rita begins the relationship with high expectations, she assumes that Frank the lecturer will have all the answers and this comes from the fact that she isnt educated, she doesnt come from an educated background. However Rita tests Franks intellectual talents to the full. She always wants an explanation and justification for everything he says. Frank and Rita get on so well because they are different. To Frank Rita is like a breath of fresh air, very natural and down to earth, compared to Frank who is a disillusioned, apathetic, battered university lecturer. But they are both unhappy about the situation that they are in. Rita has a failing marriage with a husband that wants her to have a baby, and Frank his unhappy with everything in his life. However Ritas freshness and appetite for learning and knowledge inspires Frank, he also finds her attractive, intelligent and he enjoys her company. So he invites Rita to his dinner party, he also feels that she will enjoy meeting new people; he never thinks how Rita would really feel being surrounded by middle class educated people. Rita on the other hand is partly excited about it and also apprehensive. In the end Rita does not go to the party because she thinks she brought the wrong wine, or so she said, and would not be able to converse with Franks middle class friends at their level. But I dont wanna be charming and delightful: funny, whats funny? I dont wanna be funny, I wanna talk seriously with the rest of you, I dont wanna spend the night taking the piss, comin on with the funnies because thats the only way I can get into the conversation. I dont want to come to your house just to play the court jester. She thinks that she is a half-caste stuck between working and middle class, not quite fitting into either. For Rita Act One ends on a very negative note, her marriage is finished. This came about because Ritas husband Denny wanted a baby and Rita did not, also Denny wanted Rita to stop going to the O. U course. Denny gives an ultimatum do as he says or leave. Frank and Rita both know that Rita will have to change to be able to write essays that will pass an examination. This will affect the relationship because Frank doesnt want to change Rita but Rita wants Frank to help change her, so it is inevitable that there would be a clash of wills. When Rita comes back from the O. U summer school she is more mature. Frank however is surprised that Rita has changed this much. Rita has gained a larger vocabulary at the summer school and begins to speak more objectively which is what Frank described the language of education to be. Well any analogy will break down eventually. The relationship has developed from the original teacher pupil status to a firm friendship that, as Frank knows, will inevitably have to end. Trishs is Ritas flat mate and has a large influence on Rita; this is shown when Trish tells Rita to talk in Standard English, which she does (to Franks annoyance). Trishs influence also causes Rita to gain confidence, so Rita begins to talk to the proper students. Rita, Yeh, I got here early today. I started talking to some students down on the lawn. Frank, You were talking to students down there? During Act 2 it is shown that, as Ritas life becomes better Franks is becoming worse. He enters scene 3 drunk, after students had complained about him being drunk in a lecture. Rita on the other hand is becoming more educated. Towards the end of the play Rita says that she doesnt need Frank, that she didnt need to hold his hand anymore. This shows that Rita is becoming more independent from Frank, this distanced the pair. Frank asks if Rita wants to stop coming to the tutorials because even without him she would sail through the exam. The audience feels sorry for Frank all through this scene. The end of scene 6 is a low point in the relationship because Rita and Frank arent in direct contact with each other and so the relationship is deteriorating. Frank at the end of the play is being sent to Australia for his crimes and he is still apathetic about the whole affair. Rita however is slightly more depressed with the attempted suicide of her flatmate and Frank leaving. Rita changing her name back to Susan is significant because it shows how she has grown up over the course of the play and that she now knows that changing her name was a silly thing to do. Frank is going to Australia for repeated drinking on campus and his punishment is reduced from the sack to a sabbatical to Australia. Rita plans to either go to France with Tyson, go to her mothers for Christmas or have a baby. These choices reveal that she is still indecisive. I think Russells message is that however well together people seem you cant really tell whats going on inside. For example, you could be a well paid businessman or woman who has a spouse, 2 kids, car and a roof over your heads a perfect life, and still want to kill yourself. The play ends on a happy note with a sad undertone. With the friendship between Frank and Rita back to normal, but with Franks leaving and Trishs suicide attempt ending it as a mix of the two. Russell uses humour to soften the blow that could be caused by tackling class, political and social issues, and the different ways the different classes deal with these issues. The first part of the play is funnier because the differences between Frank and Rita are more prominent. The play ends on a funny note with Rita giving Frank a haircut and cutting him.

Loopstick antennas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Loopstick antennas - Essay Example In a loopstick antenna there is no spurious effect resulting from the capacitance of the loop to ground. The loopstick antenna is used in domestic appliances such as portable radios, FM receiver and RFID. The main problem with Multi-turn design is that the looses are high and that during warm seasons the temperature can increase (Karaus and Marhefka 2001). The other advantage is its small size and directivity. In addition, the radiated power can be aimed at the required path. "In general, loops and loopsticks are used for mobile and portable operation, while phased arrays are used for fixed-station operation" (Straw 2000, p. 228). The disadvantage of this antenna is design. Most of the antennas have low radiation resistance which resulted in high levels of current flowing. In order to resistance of such antennas, manufacturers use hard materials such as a tubular conductor or think rod. Disadvantage is high Q. This creates additional difficulties for its practical application and domestic usage (Karaus and Marhefka 2001).

Answer on following questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer on following questions - Essay Example One of the notable court rulings was Griggs vs Duke Power Company (1971) which addressed work place discrimination Throughout the Caribbean colonies, African labor emerged as the labor of choice because European plantation owners considered African laborers to be more efficient, valuable and cheaper than the native indentured servants that they previously used (Ba’ Nikongo, 152). The plantation life in the Caribbean colonies was characterized by African slaves working plantations as laborers for life. The slaves were often treated by the European plantation owners as property with no rights. During the 1930s and 1940s, there were a number of individuals and organizations which focused on digging the history of Africans and Negroes. One of these great individuals was an African American of Puerto Rican descent known as Arthur A. Schomburg who collected various books, documents and essays on the history of African people. The other notable individuals included Willis Huggins and John G. Jackson who wrote a number of books on African history. On the other hand, the organizations which focused on the history of Africans included Harlem history Club and the African Students Union both of which attempted to define African people before the advent of slavery. The works of these individuals and organizations were significant because they provided the missing links in the history of African

Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cause and Effect - Essay Example Nevertheless, the greatest brunt of it is felt mostly in developing countries. The poverty levels also differ from one region to another, mainly due to inequitable distribution of national wealth. This is mainly apparent in developed countries where poverty is rife only in secluded areas. However, the effect of poverty in developing nations is felt almost everywhere. Royce (2009) reported that an individual may be born in a society where poverty is already rife or be overcome by poverty due to unfortunate occurrences, such as job loss, disease, and bankruptcy among others. Nevertheless, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to unearth the causes and effects of poverty all over the world. This paper will explore the causes and problems that result from poverty. Background Poverty is a social crisis which affects every part of the society and culture. It pertains to a situation where an individual or a society has low income, resulting in illiteracy due to the lack of proper a ccess to education, health care, markets, and decision making authority. Its effects also include lack of communal facilities, such as proper sanitation, transport system, water and roads, and proper communication links. It is reported that more than half of the world is poor, with people living on less than 2.50USD a day. This figure is put at over 3 billion people. The same report also reveals that out of the 3 billion people affected by poverty, over 1 billion are children. The statistics found out that about 640 live in dilapidated shelters or have none at all; 400 million are not accessible to safe water while 270 million cannot access health services. In Hobson and Boll (2004) it is also revealed that more than 10.6 million children below the age of five succumbed to poverty in 2003. Areas with high levels of poverty Economic research shows that poverty is rife mainly in developing countries of the world. The areas which are mainly affected include Africa, India, South Asia, a nd South America. This does not mean that developed countries as the US are not affected by poverty since even these countries do have destitute people who live under deplorable conditions due to poverty. Royce’s survey (2009) also shows that its effects are mainly felt in the rural areas. Causes of poverty Poverty is caused by several factors in economy. One is overpopulation, in which very high number of people competes for few sources available. This is one of the reasons why a country like India ranks among countries where poverty rates are high. For instance, the population of India is said to be over a billion people. However, the available resources are not able to sustain this entire population thereby rendering others poor (Hobson and Boll, 2004). Corruption. Corruption has also been singled out as a major cause of poverty. This is because it leads to unequal distribution of national wealth. In addition, it leads to mismanagement of public funds which only goes to th e hands of a few leaving many other citizens poor. Royce (2009) emphasizes that this has been witnessed in many countries, such as Nigeria which ranks top in terms of corruption. Unemployment. High rate of unemployment is also a leading cause of poverty across the world. Employment is one way of creating wealth in a country. This means that when there are

The Ipremier Dos Attack

The Ipremier Dos Attack Online websites and business face several security threats from hackers that are aiming to vandalize the website or steal information or at times notify the company about its internet security weaknesses. These threats include malicious code, bots and bot nets, phishing and DDoS or Distributed Denial of Service (Laudon K., Traver C., (2010)). Ipremier, an online business, faced one of these threats, the DDoS attack. iPremier is a successful online retailer of luxury, rare and vintage goods (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The DDos attack begins by the hacker distributing bots on several computers and making these computers botnets (Laudon K., Traver C., (2010)). A botnet is a computer that is controlled by a hacker to perform activates such as participating in a DDoS attack (Laudon K., Traver C., (2010)). The hacker uses these botnets or controlled computers to flood a server with unwanted requests which slows or shutdown the server operations (Laudon K., Traver C., (2010)). This can b e costly to an online business because the customers wont be able to access the website. It can also affect the firms reputation if the website doesnt work for long. However, these attacks can notify or clarify for a company its weakness points in its internet security and infrastructure. The CIO Bob Turley was in New York when an employee called to inform him that the website is not working and that they have been receiving numerous emails that say Ha (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The CIO called Joanne the technical operations team leader to discuss the current situation but she was still on her way to Qdata where the company servers are located and did not know what was going on (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). She suspected that the actions were caused by a hacker and that the sender of the e mail was unknown and hard to track (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). Unfortunately, their emergency plan was out dated and they couldnt remember where the document is placed (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). A suggestion was made to call the police or FBI but they were concerned about negative publicity (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). After a while the CIO called the CTO to take his opinion on the matter (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The CTO refused the idea of pulling the plug becau se information on the attack might be lost (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The CEO mentioned that the detailed logging was not enabled so the logs wont provide them with much information (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The legal counselor called as well to provide legal advice on the matter and told the CIO to pull the plug to protect credit card information (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). After Joanne arrived at Qdata she wasnt able to access the NOC for security reasons (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The CEO called a senior in Qdata and Joanne was allowed access to the NOC (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). He discovered that the attack is directed at their firewall and it is being directed from multiple IP addresses (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). She tried to shutdown traffic from the IP addresses but it didnt work because when one IP address shuts down another one operates and so on (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). The main concern was that customer information was not jeopardized or sto len (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). At 5:46 AM the attack stopped and Joanne suggested that they do a thorough audit to be sure that customer information has not been stolen and to know the points of weakness (Austin, R., (July 26, 2007)). During the attack it was obvious that the employees were shocked by the security threat. They did not know what to do, they never faced a security threat before and they do not have an emergency plan. The employees communicated through phone calls and no one knew what needs to be done or what was happening. Also, there wasnt a proper emergency communication with Qdata which led to banning the technical team leader from entering the NOC. The team reacted well to the situation despite that they did not have any structured plan to face the problem. They were trying to solve the problem through intuition and experience because there wasnt any plan. They tried hard and the top managers were awakened at the middle of the night to solve the crisis. However, when looking at the overall situation there hasnt been any systematic process in solving the problem and instead they relied on intuition and experience. If I was bob truly, the CIO, the first person I would have contacted is the CTO and I would have cancelled the meeting in New York and went to the company if possible. If it was not possible to find a flight, I would have instructed Leon to get the emergency plan and work on it. Although it is outdated, I would try to modify it as much as I can to match the current situation which can be useful. Also, I would stay in close contact with the CTO and Qdata to solve the problem faster. Some service providers do not respond to customers quickly and require the customer to call them over and over until they perform the request. In addition, after the attack is over I would have called for an emergency meeting to assess the current situation, the companys technological infrastructure, know what information have been or could have been jeopardized and discuss the modifications on the emergency plan. After the attack the company should be worried about the customer information and specially credit card and transaction information. Another thing is that the attack might have gone far and installed a bot on one of the servers. If this happens the servers might be used for another attack and the ipremier will be held responsible. Also, the infrastructure and security is not effective against threats so using Qdata as the website host must be changed. Moreover, I have to be sure that there hasnt been any leak because if the customers know that the website was hacked they may never deal with the company again. They may not understand that these things happen and security threats happen almost all the time, several people are not familiar with the term Cyber War. The company should create a backup customer and transaction database that is disconnected from the internet to prevent it from being attacked from the outside. It is an online business, so the customers and their transaction information should be well protected from any attack. I would recommend that not all the website and its information to be outsourced. The server, website design, and website related information can be outsourced but the customer and transaction information should be handled internally for more control. They have to find another host other than Qdata with more abilities and more technological advancement to handle their operations and protect them from further attacks. Also, I must have a full understanding of the situation so that if there is any leak to the press I can answer their questions and find a way to assure the customers that their data is safe. In conclusion, ipremier is an example for every online business. They did not expect that an attack may happen and were very confused when it actually happened. What online businesses should learn from ipremier is that an emergency plan is critical for any business. Also, they should know that there isnt one perfect security system that can protect them from all kinds of attacks. They should keep in mind that since man created these security systems then he is able to break through it. what who Where architecture Infrastructure architecture Infrastructure architecture Infrastructure Hardware Do we need a new security system? What kind of hardware do we need for the new security system? Who knows the most about the companys technological infrastructure? Who will handle the operation of the new security system? Does the new security system require a relocation of our servers? What hardware components need to be changed to install the new security system? Software What parts of our companys software will be affected? Do we need any new software for the new security system? Who will be affected by installing a new security system? Who needs to be trained in order to accommodate with the new system? Does the geographical location of our company affect the installation of the new system? Will the new security system have the functionality we need? Network Does the new security system require a minimum bandwidth? Can the current network handle the operations of the new security system? Who will have access to the security system network? Will any body need access from outside the companys physical boundaries? What are the security threats in the companys current technological architecture? Where will the company locate the necessary components of the new security system? Data Will the current data formats be compatible with the new security system? Which formats need to be changed? Who will have access to the data provided by the system? Who will be responsible for backup and to whom is the access limited? Where does the current architecture face problems in regards to data flow? Does the company need to change its current storage devices for the new security system? Resources:- Austin, R., (July 26, 2007). The iPremier Company (A): Denial of Service Attack. Harvard Business School. Laudon K., Traver C., (2010). E-commerce 2010 (6 Ed.), chapter 5. Pearson Education.

Analysis of Paragraph on Page 271-272 of Porter’s Pale Horse, Pale Rider :: Porter’s Pale Horse Pale Rider

Analysis of Paragraph on Page 271-272 of Porter’s Pale Horse, Pale Rider In the opening sentence of this paragraph, two workers at the newspaper office are described. They are not, however, described as people though, they are instead said to be solely â€Å"two pairs of legs† (Porter 271). By describing solely this part of the people, Porter is drawing attention to a part of the body seemingly unrelated to newspaper writing. This gives the reader the impression that these two writers are either unskilled in the area or writing, or unimportant to the speaker. Interestingly, the legs are also described as, â€Å"dangling,† which paints the picture of a lifeless body. This could be perhaps indicating that these people are dead to her; both unimportant and unwanted. Porter then goes on to describe the legs as being â€Å"stuffed thickly into funnels of dark expensive-looking material.† The way in which this is described seems to imply that the fabric itself is strangling these legs that have now become representative of the speakerâ€⠄¢s time at the newspaper. By describing the material as â€Å"dark† and â€Å"expensive looking,† Porter makes the writers at the newspaper appear to be both evil and fake. As Porter continues her description of the two writers, she notes how one of then was â€Å"oldish† and the other â€Å"youngish.† The vagueness in this description goes along with the feeling of universality in the writers that Porter has achieved by having them represented by a mere body part. Also, by having one writer be old, and the other young, the writers are closer to representing every man. As Porter describes the writers as having a â€Å"stale air of borrowed importance which apparently they had got from the same source† she is indicating that the newspaper itself, and thus the media is the source that writers in this wartime community derive their unreal importance. Porter makes the speaker seem almost intimidated by the writers as she euphemistically refers to them as being â€Å"well nourished† rather than fat. This is again referenced when Porter states that Miranda â€Å"pulled out her chair without removing her cap or gloves (†¦) as if she had not a moment to spare.† Miranda’s resentment of the newspaper community is embodied in these two people.

My Chemical Romance.

My Chemical Romance. Gerard, Mikey and Frank all had drug problems. Mikey and Gerard, on top of that had alcohol problems. They got themselves better. They knew no one else could help them. What encouraged them to get better? Themselves, and the music. Ray had the absolutely awful job of having to watch them go through all of this, on top of him trying to be the perfect guitarist. Frank would do drugs over the weekend, and wake up on Monday not knowing anything that had happened. Mikey felt depressed alongside Gerard, and before shows they would heavily drink together to try and relieve the stress. I'm gonna get better. † – Gerard Way. Gerard had attempted suicide, which is not the place anyone wants to be. He called up his manager, Brian, and told him. Came out to him about everything, the drinking; the drugs; and how he has a problem. Brian had to talk him out of suicide while on the complete other side of the world to Gerard, until Gerard woke up the tour manager and they spoke together, until Gerard passed out. Ray was probably first to let Gerard know he had a bad, bad problem. Ray told him he needed help, and within 17 days of Gerard understanding that, he got sober again.The band had saved his life. The band had saved Frank Iero's life. Frank LIVES for the music, and nothing else. It's the music that keeps him alive. Mikey hit depression during The Black Parade, and had to leave the band for a while, so he could get better, and play the music once again with 3 of his best friends. The band inspired Mikey to get better. The band saved his life. Ray seriously went through so much, and he would still be either trying to make music in small, unknown bands to make himself happy. But he has My Chemical Romance. God only knows the path Ray might have taken if Gerard idn't call him up to be in the band. The band saved Rays life. My Chemical Romance are my idols because they're such caring, and inspirational men. They care about the music, each other , and safety of their fans. Do you think they'd have gotten themselves better if they were just in it for the money? If none of the music ment anything to any of them, but they just wanted money, like some bands today? No, they wouldn't. They'd have carried on drinking and doing drugs until they would take an even more serious and critical condition, and probably die. Thank you My Chemical Romance for being my idols and inspiring me.

buy custom Causes of the American War essay

buy custom Causes of the American War essay The American war was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the northern Free States and the Southern Slave States. It started in the advent of the election of Abraham Lincoln as the President of the United States of America. After the election of the Lincoln, a republican, into the presidency and before formal handover by the former administration, seven southern states declared secession from the union to form the Confederate States of America. The main bone of contention was the republican promotion of nationalism as opposed to the southern states endorsement of slaveholding. During that time in America, the south was predominantly a plantation economy with large tracts of land under cotton plantations. The north was largely involved in industrial production and urban areas were rapidly expanding, thereby leading to better education and awareness. This led to the growth and promotion of nationalist ideologies. Many northerners felt their Christian beliefs were conflicting with the southerners stand on slaveholding. The elite southerners were the main slave masters and owned large number of slaves. They also formed the ranks of the political elites. Slaves were necessary for their large cotton farms, therefore southerners promoted slaveholding in the congress house and in the senate. Slavery The main cause of the American civil war was disunity on certain major ideologies the biggest of all being slavery. The southern states regarded slavery as a matter of their economic survival. With slaves providing labor in their large plantations; they had to make sure that slavery remained in the states. The northern states regarded slavery as the biggest threat to nationalism which they promoted. Earlier on, at the time of the American rebellion, slavery had been firmly rooted in all the American colonies. By the time the revolution ended, many Americans felt that slaveholding was contravening their Christian faith and the declaration of independence. Therefore, certain groups like the Quakers started promoting anti-slavery sentiments. This led to many northern states eventually becoming Free states. It is alleged that Southern soldiers on the battlefront fought in the conviction that they were defending slavery, culture, economy and manhood. Therefore, the American civil war was between the Free states against the slave states. Social and Economic Differences The south became a one crop economy. Depending on cotton agriculture as the main economic practice, it meant they were entirely depended on slavery. This dependency on cottonn farming was spurred by the invention of a cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1973. Cotton farming became very profitable, so other crops were abandoned in favor of cotton, which was labor intensive. The north was experiencing industrial revolution and growth in urban lifestyles which require integration and cultural harmony. The south was still stack in the old class systems, and they felt the need to retain the status quo for their economic and cultural survival. This led to wide social and cultural differences and also acted as a catalyst which fueled acrimonies on both sides. State Rights versus Federal Rights After the American Revolution, the states formed a loose federal government. Thereafter, the U.S constitution was formed albeit secretly by leaders who promoted federalism. This later led to the split between promoters of state rites, who happened to be the southerners, because they wanted to retain their slaves in whatever states they migrated to, and the northerners, who promoted nationalism. Nationalism was regarded as the vehicle which would drive the American republic into an economic and social success. Whereas the greater federal union focused on nationalistic ideals, the southerners within became a great slave society promoting State rights in order to hold on to their slavery ideals. Buy custom Causes of the American War essay

As far as comfort and design the center I attended has many positive findings to report

As far as comfort and design the center I attended has many positive findings to report. The entire center all was on one floor with appropriate temperatures through out the building. In the rooms there was child size tables, chairs, and play equipment. The children were always encouraged to clean up after play so that they could avoid tripping and other injuries in the room. I also noticed that children had their own cubby labeled with their name. The majority of the things I saw in the center revealed it was a safe and secure place for the children to learn. All cleaners, medicine, and the teachers belongings were located in a cabinet away from the childrens playing areas. In the play area all of the toys were checked before children began playing and were appropriate to their age group. In the room I observed in the teacher had prepared themes that worked in all of the centers. The day I visited they were focusing on pets so centers were set up so that it appealed to all of the multiple intelligences. I did not get a chance to witness a fire or storm drill but the teacher informed me that they did take place through out the year. Electrical cords were always tucked around and under the carpet so that they were not in childrens site. The ceilings, floors, and walls all looked safe. In the art area all the materials that were used were non-toxic and appropriate for their age group. Most of the containers were plastic with lids for toy and supply storage. Something that I was concerned about was the lack of coverings on the door hinges and joints. There was a reading area with flame resistant materials, such as big pillows, blankets, etc. There were no toy guns or balloons allowed in the room. At center I visited there were no stairs. There is a glass office by the entrance so that all visitors can be seen upon entrance.

Case-ENRON- Cooking the books with natural gas and electricty Assignment

Case-ENRON- Cooking the books with natural gas and electricty - Assignment Example One of the biggest victims of the Enron scandal was the employees of the company. The company set up a pension fund that matched employee contributions with Enron stocks. The pension plans that employees had worked for on many instances over 20 years became worthless overnight when the scandal broke out. The company’s stock in 2001 after the revelation of the scandal that led at the time to the biggest bankruptcy in U.S. history went down to $0.40 from its all time high of $90 a year earlier. The accountants and the executive management team of Enron were completely unethical. The market to market accounting the firm used inflated income by overstating the value of energy contracts. To act in an ethical manner using market to market accounting the income estimates should have followed the principle of conservatism. The unethical strategy the managers used was biased because the managers recognize energy contracts in a manner to maximize the present value of the contract in order to receive higher bonuses. In regards to off-balance sheet transactions the company was extremely unethical because it created over 3,000 special purpose entities to hide the actual debt of the

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At Coursework

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At The Grand City Hotel, Berlin - Coursework Example The internship provided me with an insight into my own weaknesses and deficiencies which I was unable to realize without being a part of a hotel practically. I particularly found how important it is for me to have an extraordinary control and expertise in the use of software particularly the spreadsheets. I also learned group skills. I found the considerable difference between academic learning and professional learning. My experience of internship has acquainted me with a lot of knowledge and skills that I could not learn in the college. Over six months, I have grown as a professional and have learned how to apply theoretical learning in practical situations. The internship helped me become well equipped with such a valuable experience that would be very helpful in my professional career after my graduation. My tenure at the Grand City Hotel has been a very enlightening experience. Table of Contents Contents Page No. Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 - 6 a) About the Grand City Hot el b) Location of the Grand City Hotel c) Attractions for the guests d) Environment of the Grand City Hotel e) Services at the Grand City Hotel f) Objectives for the internship Description and Analysis 7 - 10 a) Methodology b) Results c) Recommendations to the company Learning experience 10 - 12 a) Personal development b) Challenges and Solutions c) Academic Learning vs Professional Learning Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction a) About the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel chain comprises more than 100 hotels all across Europe. The hotels guarantee a memorable experience at the best price. The location, attractions, environment, and services provided by the Grand City Hotel far outweigh the prices charged from the guests. b) Location of the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel in Berlin is an exquisite resort for the travelers from all over the world who want to discover the German Main content and have some quality time on weekends or holidays. One of the main attractions of the Grand City Hotel in Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is its location and surroundings. The Grand City Hotel is centrally located in Berlin and is at a short distance to many of the famous attractions that German has to offer, including the Messe Berlin, the renowned Kurfurstendamm, and the ICC (Grand City Hotels, n.d.). c) Attractions for the guests The Grand City Hotel Berlin provides the guests with easy access to the Berlin Zoo, galleries and shops, the German Opera Berlin, the KaDeWe department store, and the Kurfurstendamm. There is a variety of restaurants, clubs, and cafes near the Grand City Hotel in Berlin to satiate the cravings of the Night owls. The countless cultural attractions of Berlin make the Grand City Hotel a perfect resort for a longer stay. Among all cities of Germany, Berlin has probably the most to offer the tourists and visitors ranging from the Reichstag and the Brandenburger Tor to the variety of attractions in the local neighborhoods. Some of the most famous landmarks of Germany are located in the heart of Berlin and the guests can have them on walking distance from the Grand City Hotel.  Ã‚