The Importance of Early Childhood Education in the Development of Jamaican Children Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Early Childhood Education in the Development of Jamai croupe Children EssayAs p arnts of young children, we often ponder which Early Childhood Program to enroll our children in. At one point in time they were non-existent. As early childhood educators emerged, programs were created. Interestingly, the Montessori approach is a specialized method created by Maria Montessori. The Montessori Method which is widely used today was created with the focus of children larn from their surroundings (Morrison, 2009). Montessoris are not aimed at talented and gifted children this method is expressed in public and private school settings in conjunction with children tending up to age 18. In addition, Montessori serves the needs of children of either levels of mental and physical abilities (Stephenson, 2011). In 1870, Maria Montessori, the first Italian woman to secure a medical exam degree (Stephenson, 2011). With her degree she entered the fields of psychiatry, educatio n and anthropology. She had a passion for young minds. She intendd that children educate themselves. Montessori became a physician in 1896, attending the University of Rome psychiatric clinic. During her tenure, Dr. Montessori unquestionable an enthusiasm for the education of children with special needs where she also spoke on their behalf.Twenty-six years later, Maria relocated to San Lorenzo, Rome to study children without disabilities. There she discovered fifty children which resulted in success. This success was recognized and spread all over, attracting travelers from all over to this remarkable case study. An in-depth explanation of what a Montessori truly is, Stephenson (2011) clearly states A Montessori can be defined as a revolutionary method of observing and supporting the natural development of children.Montessori educational practice helps children develop creativity, task solving,critical thinking and time-management skills to contribute to society and the surroun d, and to become fulfilled persons in their finical time and place on Earth. The basis of Montessori practice in the schoolroom is mixed age group (3 ages- 6 ages in one class), individual choice of research and work, and interrupted concentration. Group lesson are seldom found in a Montessori classroom, but learning abounds.Since Montessoris death, educators all over continue to implement and notice this method has worked all over the world with all kinds of children (wealthy, poor, gifted, normal, learning disabled, etc.) and environments (from slums, to elegant schools, etc. ).Maria agreed that when physical, mental, spiritual and emotional needs are met, children glow with excitement and a drive to play and work with enthusiasm, to learn, and to create. In conjunction, children exude a desire to teach, help and care for others and for their environment (Stephenson, 2011). During her lectures and travels, Maria Montessori was nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize. In additi on to the explanation of a Montessori, the following is the Montessori Method.This method meticulously exemplifies how Montessori educators implement the method in various programs across the country. There are five basic principle associated with the Montessori Method. They are Respect for the child, The hygroscopic child, Sensitive periods, The Prepared environment and Auto-education. Respect for the children occurs when educators assist children with new projects, allowing them to learn for themselves. Giving the child room to explore their boundaries flourishes abilities for positive self- esteem (Morrison, 2009). Montessori also believed having observe for the child is a key element.She said (Morrison, 2009), As a rule, however we do not respect children. We try to force them to follow us without visit to their special needs. We are overwhelming with them, and above all, rude and then we expect them to be submissive and well-behaved, knowing all the time how strong is their instinct of travesty and how touching their faith in and admiration of us. They will imitate us in any case. Let us treat them, in that locationfore, with all the kindness which we would invite to help to develop in them. When it comes to a childs mind it can be described as a sponge.Their young minds continuously truckle information. Unintentionally, children cannot help but learn. In their own environments and in shared environments. The Absorbent mind refers to the idea that the minds of young children are receptive to and capable learning (Morrison, 2009). From possess to age six, these are the most important years of the sorbefacient mind. Shortridge (2003), compiled an essay about the absorbent mind in which Montessori states that the child learns by unconsciously taking in everything around him and actually constructs himself.Using his senses, he incarnates, or creates himself by absorbing his environment through his very act of living. Morrison (2009) adds, What they learn depends greatly on their teachers, experiences, and environments(Ch. 9). In the sensitive periods learning is most likely to occur (Morrison, 2009). In our text (2009), Montessori recalls a sensitive period A sensitive period refers to a special sensibility which a creature acquires in its infantile state, while it is still in a process of evolution. It is a transient disposition and peculiar(a) to the acquisition of a particular trait.Once this trait or characteristic has been acquired, the special sensibility disappears. It is imperative for an educator to observe and ascertain sensitivity periods and detain the proper environment. Many theorists believe this stage is considered the critical period. The critical period and the sensitive period contain a sensitive difference. The critical period gently describes a child not receiving the right or enough stimuli during the window they will be stagnant in learning in the future (Oswalt, 2008).However, theorists who believe in the sensitive period noted it would post difficulty for the childcare giver to attain what was not learned during the learning window of opportunity, still there is room for the child to learn at a later time (Oswalt, 2008). In a prepared environment it is believed children learn best. In an environment where children can do things for themselves children are at liberty to explore materials of their own choosing. Within these prepared environments, are six principles Freedom, complex body part and Order, Beauty, Nature and Reality, Social environment and cerebral environment (Irinyi, 2009).Freedom environment includes freedom of movement, the child must experience freedom of exploration. All of these freedom movements lead to a greater freedom (Irinyi, 2009). Structure and order in the classroom mirrors the sense of structure and order in the universe (Irinyi, 2009). A beautiful environment should suggest harmony and should invite the thespian to work. Nature and reality strongl y influenced Maria Montessori and believed children should active voicely interact with nature.Social environment promotes the freedom of children socially interacting with one another and also develop a sense of compassion and empathy for others (Irinyi, 2009). Briefly, auto-education is last principal of the Montessori Method. The prepared environment also stimulates auto-education which is the idea that children teach themselves through appropriate materials and activities (Morrison, 2009). Children who decide to work in the kitchen are able to role play as chefs and are able to make themselves and their peers something to eat.In the Early Childhood Education field, Montessoris are not the wholly education program developed to focus on childrens developments. The High- Scope theory is based on Piaget, constructivism, Dewey and Vygotsky (Morrison, 2009). Children help establish curriculum. Experiences guide the programs of studies in promoting childrens active learning (Morrison, 2009). The Reggio Emilia approach founded by Loris Malaguzzi (1920-1994), a city in northern Italy, based on the philosophy and practice that children are active of their own knowledge (Morrison, 2009).Curriculum is project oriented and learning is active. The Waldorf Education founded by Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) highlights the teaching of the whole child-head, hands, and heart (Morrison, 2009). Steiner strongly believed that education should be holistic. The study of myths, lores, and fairy tales promotes the imagination and multiculturalism (Morrison,2009). Combining all of the early childhood education programs, there is no one perfect curriculum. Today, there is a combination of all four education types being taught in school districts. Each approach is important and critical.Personally, I would agree that The Montessori Method best serves the needs because this approach allows children to modernise and learn at their pace. They are not forced to retain information if the br ain is not processing at the pace that is requested and required for children. Also, the environment plays a serious role in this learning and teaching process. If a child is in a stressed environment, the child is less likely to participate and socialize with his or her peers. When a child is in a peaceful or beautiful environment, the child is more inclined to interact with the world with a clear mind.Indeed, while there are multiple Early Childhood Education programs available, the Montessori Method was created with the focus of children learning from their environment (Morrison, 2009). Not to say that this particular method is paramount, but beneficial results have emerged from this program. In Head Start facilities, High- Scope, Reggio Emilia Approach, the Montessori Method and the Waldorf Education should be integrated in facilities today and for the future. References Irinyi, M. (2009, touch 18). Principles of the montessori prepared environment. Retrieved from http//montess oritraining.blogspot. com/2009/03/principles-of-montessori-prepared. html Morrison, G. S. (2009). Early childhood education today. (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc. Oswalt, A. (2008, January 17th). Senisitive periods in mental health. Retrieved from http//www. mentalhelp. net/poc/view_doc. php? type=docid=7923cn=28 Shortridge, P. D. (2003). The absorbent mind and the sensitive periods. Retrieved from http//www. pdonohueshortridge. com/children/absorbent. html Stephenson, S. M. (2011). The international Montessori index. Retrieved from http//www. montessori. edu.

George Orwell, 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell, 1984 EssayThe last and arguably most powerful book to be written by famous novelist George Orwell (pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair), 1984 is the chronicle of mankinds gradual decay under aggressive totalitarianism and blind ideology. The influence of the novel is such that some terms such as Big Br some other, doublethink and newspeak take a leak somehow found their way into the modern lexicon. Orwell visualized a world under continuous war, with entire societies imperil by an omniscient government that wields control even over an individuals very aspects. Half a century after the books publication, academics and casual readers alike continue to pass off disturbing similarities between Orwells 1984 and todays increasingly intrusive institutions. With censorship, political rhetoric and propaganda becoming often and more like the slogans of Orwells dystopian nightclub each day it is unsurprising that the novels remain quite a favorite among academics and lit erary experts alike. Orwells galvanise depiction of a totalitarian state peddling lies and deceit to its willing masses remains relevant and to some extent frighteningly prophetic of the perplex generation.Decades after it first saw print, 1984 still achieves significant readership a literary standard that enemies of propaganda and censorship revisit time and again as a precedent through which the growing excesses in government control and power could be measured. It is the worlds worst case scenario, and its enduring social relevancy is a testament to both Orwells literary behavior and deep understanding of the human psyche.This paper posits that George Orwells 1984 is a dystopian novel that deftly tackles the power of language and censorship in controlling both society and the individual consequently its enduring relevance to academic studies on the political and social status quo. This strike shall begin with a brief summary of the novel in order to provide a narrative background. The following discussion involves three parts first, what is the style or form of the novel, and how does it add to the novels appeal and narrative? Second, what argon the main pennings of the novel?Lastly, how do these themes combined with the novel remain relevant to the present times, hence its generality with academics in the sociopolitical and literary fields? These atomic number 18 the questions that this study must answer in order to prove its thesis. Summary 1984 is the story of Winston Smith, a portion of the outside Party residing in what single-valued functiond to be London. Smith is a citizen of Oceania, one of the three superstates in the world of 1984. The protagonist lives a life of controlled existence he works in the Ministry of Truth, rewriting news stories and editing photographs in order to make history adhere to the Partys current slogan.People who went against the Party disappeared and made unpersons at that place entire existence is eras ed by workers like Winston Smith. History, therefore, is constantly edited to fit whatever propaganda or slogan the Party is currently espousing. Though a member of the Party, Smith is far from a dedicated follower. He harbors a secret journal of illicit thoughts about freedom and woodenly participates in the Two minutes of Hate and other standard Party propaganda activities. Smith meets and falls in love with Julia there liaison, however, is both illicit and illegal.It is punishable by law, so Wilson and Julia find a sanctuary in a room above an old junk shop for their trysts. They are betrayed, however, and soon find themselves in the Ministry of Love where they are tortured and reeducated. In the end, fazed by the horrors of Room 101, Wilson and Julia succumb and betray each other. They are then released to await their execution on a afterwards date. At the end of the novel, Wilson Smith accepts the power of Big Brother and willingly accepts his fate.Style and FormGeorge Orwell s 1984, along with Ray Bradburys controversial Fahrenheit 451 and Aldous Huxleys Brave youthful World, is one of the worlds best-known dystopian novels. It presents a world entirely gloomy and pessimistic the opposite of a utopia wherein everything is improve and in its proper place. As Brunsdale (2000) points out, a dystopia is ultimately a hopelessly wrong society (p. 146). It is a world that has turned entirely upper side down, with nearly everything completely unlike what man would construe as paradise. It is an imagined world perverted entirely a subversion of all that society must aspire for.For George Orwell, this world is a warning, a terrible deal that could become a reality if totalitarianism and government intrusion continues unchecked. The use of a dystopian form is particularly useful in delivering Orwells message. A kibosh critic of imperialism and other authoritarian forms such as communism and fascism, Orwells novel is a chilling portrait of what could happen should totalitarian politics remain unabated. His force back with British Socialism, for example, made its way into the novels newspeak as Ingsoc (English Socialism).By presenting the novel in a dystopian form rather than a dissimilar kind of exposition, Orwell successfully parlays his sociopolitical ideas easily through an interesting world rather than a non-fiction tome of tedious words that may find comfort in cobwebs. A form other than dystopia would not have been able to deliver the message as effectively as 1984 has done. Central Themes But what exactly is it that 1984 wishes to convey? At first glance, it seems as if 1984 is doomed to be a dated indictment of the faults of the British Empire in 1948 when Orwell completed the novel.In truth, however, the novel is more than the indictment of one government. It is not a scathing criticism on Stalinism, or the British Empire, or Hitlers destroyed Third Reich alone. It is an attack against Totalitarianism in whatever form or c ountry, as it takes root and slowly sucks the life and freedom out of the individual and society as a whole. The novel is a critique a warning against what could happen following the unchecked growth of totalitarian governments. It is not the alliance or the nationality, therefore, that matters, but the possible presence of totalitarian rule.One crucial theme in the novel that supports its criticism of totalitarianism is the power of language. Orwell emphasized the power of language in controlling the individuals mental freedom, particularly in terms of how much and how broad he is allowed to conceptualize. With words and language designed to limit the mind of the person, it is quite possible to exert control and slowly manipulate his or her inside(a) thoughts. Such is the power of newspeak and doublethink both significant concepts from the novel that gradually crossed over to the mainstream jargon.These concepts are reliant on both language and the formation of thought as the pri mary tools through which the Party and Big Brother carry out their manipulative plans. An example of Newspeak is the naming convention that led to the ironic label of the ministries in Orwells dystopian society. The Ministries are named in a weird room quite opposite to what they truly stand for. For example, the Ministry of Love is one of the most dreaded ministries in Oceania, as this is where prisoners are brought for torture, reeducation and execution.The Ministry of Truth where Smith works is quite a paradox, as it concerns itself not with the propagation of truthful information, but with the erasure of tribe and events no longer in line with the present party rhetoric. The Ministry of Plenty and Ministry of Peace are similarly ironically named. Wemyss (1987) calls this use of newspeak as the attempt to settle the range of human consciousness by limiting the range of words available and by eliminating their polysemic quality (p. 45). When some terms and concepts become una vailable for use or without a lingual equivalent, they become obsolete and forgotten by the mind.With the government controlling just which words to use and which ones to eliminate, the possibility of controlling the individuals and society becomes much larger. Here lies the power of language, which effectively affects how the brain processes and understands the world around him. Moreover, the concepts in Big Brothers society are defined in a manner describable as inverted. A particularly significant example is the slogan war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength everything in Wilsons world is completely upside down.It is, in essence, an example of doublethink, wherein one is forced to contain two opposing thoughts at the same time and believe them both. It is an ability forced on the nation of Oceania the citizens think of war and peace as one rather than opposing sides of the coin. Even when the citizens clearly know that Oceania switches allies from Eurasia to Eas tasia constantly, they are capable of manipulating their own minds into sentiment that what the Party calls its history has always been true and in place. Another significant theme in the novel is censorship.Radio, television and print censorship is, of course, the norm in Big Brothers world. More than the controls on media, however, the Party is also highly concerned with purity and the errors of sexual dalliances. Pornography or any form of smut publications are also banned in Oceania, and sexual thoughts are viewed as impurities even when conducted within the boundaries of marriage. This mirrors the penchant of totalitarian governments to extend their powers over decency and issues of morality. Whether or not the reason behind this is truly about cleaning up society remains a mystery.Reviews on the Novel The significance of the novel 1984 can be seen in how todays academics remain enamored and continuously attempt to correlate the classic story of political and social manipulat ion to Orwells final masterpiece. Agathocleous (2000) took note of the relevance of the novel in the beginning through the proliferation of terms used in the novel in the modern jargon. The world presented by Orwell remains resonant in todays world, wherein his ideas have become honey oil knowledge (p. 101). Orwells 1984 is no longer just a novel it is now a part of popular culture.This popularity, Agathocleous (2000) attributes to the the relevance of the issues discussed by Orwell even in todays society. It is popular because it remains true and undated, thereby becoming a classic in its own right (p. 101). For Wanner (1997), on the other hand, notes that Orwells dystopian world is completely different from other portrayals of such negative societies. Unlike other dystopian nations, Orwells Oceania has resigned itself to imperfection and unhappiness without actually admitting it.Though the government may still tout this perfect world as their own, Orwell shows the characters to be living in a difficult world, one wherein pretenses are kept up in order to survive the constant watch of Big Brother. This world is described as hopeless, and it is accurate. Rather than follow other similar styles, Orwell opts to present a realistic view of his world and the negativeness that sucks everything within its path (p. 77). Wanner (1997) also notes that Orwell is not entirely separate from socialism.Though the author does indict British socialism and other similar forms of totalitarianism, the presence of Goldstein, match to Wanner, shows that Orwell is still ambivalent regarding the best way to run a society. Even Goldstein, the supposed leader of the opposition, is not a figure against socialism. Wanner thus views this as a softening on Orwells part, noting that his message may not entirely be the indictment of all socialism (p. 77). Lastly, the concept of Orwellian language and politics have slowly caught up with the United States, thanks in no small part to the c urrent administration.In his journal article, Kellner (2007) argues that Orwells world has remained enduring over the historic period because of its relevance. As such, Kellner easily correlates the War on Terror and the rhetoric that appears in Oceania as the modern equivalent of Orwells world (p. 622). These are some of the reviews that describe the relevance and endurance of the novel, 1984. It utilizes the dystopian model, with sensational usage of the power of language and new terms, in order to correlate Orwells fictional world with the present situation.

Customer satisfaction analysis of telecommunication company Vodafone

Customer satisfaction analysis of telecommunication association VodafoneTelecommunication sector is the largest one crossways UK and one of the major contributors in UKs economy. There are number of telecom players in UK telecom sector and among these players, Vodafone is the leader having 34% market share. The comp whatever launched each time new product/ assistance in the market to delight its customers. Sometime the customers face number of issues or problems with the serve for which the company has embed up its sepa vagabond customer care center (Deurinck, 2007). The customer care standards so play significant role if delivering serve wells and satisfying the customer need. thence with this setting the area of the explore is to measure the satisfaction aim of customers of Vodafone (Bloom, 2006). Further the seek get out identify the importance of customer care standards in telecommunication business sector and how to imply it into the business to retain the customer . The overall aim of this explore go away be to increase the business profitability and growth through high aim of customer satisfaction. The explore study is focusing towards the customer care in telecom sector to go through the problems faced by the customers of Vodafone. The following look designs volition be achieved in this exploreTo determine the key elements of customer care standards to be insisted for the purpose of delivery high satisfaction and retaining the customers in Vodafone.to run into the current level of satisfaction among the Vodafone customers with its servicesTo determine the training and development needs to be fulfilled to deliver the services above customer expectations.To advise the equal strategies to Vodafone for improving the customer satisfaction level and increasing the loyalty of the customers2. research MethodsIn order to achieve the above listed research objectives, an efficient research method needs to be designed. A research onion me thod has been used to design the research methodology for completing the above e research objectives. A special fury has bee given to the operational function of Vodafone, hence with such sensitivity, it is essential to critically review the available research methods to design the suitable framework. In the research onion process designed by Saunders et al (2003), the following layers exist and by removing out each layer, a suitable tone is obtained. Integration of each part from the selection of available methods provides the appropriate research methodology.Research Purpose/Aim/ObjectiveResearch ApproachResearch schemaData CollectionSample SelectionData AnalysisValidity/Reliability of the Data3. Research Aims and ObjectivesAs mentioned earlier the aim of the research is to understand the satisfaction level of customers at Vodafone and customer care standards in Vodafone.4. Research philosophySaunders et al, (2003) research philosophy is the technique to initiate the research b y elbow room of development thinking and the way in which the research want to conduct the research study. A researcher can fetch the choices among positivism, interpretivism and realism research philosophies. positivity and realism research philosophy is not relevant in this research since both the philosophical startes work on the behavioral studies however this is the independent research where the satisfaction level of the customers will be examinationed. In this study there is no connection of the behavioral studies. Hence interpretivism research philosophy will be adopted to conduct this research work. Moreover the interpretivism research philosophy enables the researcher to determine and analyze the different variables. The discussion of the research findings is more exploratory with in-depth discussion. Therefore the interpretivism research philosophy is more relevant than the positivism and realism. The results of the study will be interpreted based on the real world f indings by interviewing the customers at Vodafone.5. Research ApproachThe second layer of the research onion is research approach which enables the researcher to further make out the selection of data disposition and data analysis methods. Also the right research approach enable the researcher to take further decided on line of action accompaniment that help the researcher to fulfil the research objectives in case any constraints occurs. A researcher therefore can make the selection among deductive, inductive and abductive research approaches. Since the philosophical approach is interpretivism which can be better aligned with the deductive research approach as per the argument provided by Saunders et al (2003). Deductive approach is useful where the data is overheared from the external respondents and analyzed to improve the current state. Since the research is focusing towards the customer satisfaction level at Vodafone which will lastly increase the companys profitability. Loo king at such usefulness the ab-ductiuve and inductive research approached are irrelevant to use in this study. Further to justify the selection of deductive research approach, it is provided the base to verify the theoretical results with the primary winding findings. Hence the deductive research is relevant in this study. It will enable the researcher to establish the concern between the evaluation of research objectives and summary findings which has been derived from the primary and secondary research.6. Research StrategyThe third layer of the research onion includes the choices of research strategies. According to Saunders et al (2003), a researcher can make the selection between the qualitative and numeric research strategy. In qualitative research, a thorough discussion in held with the qualitative data whiles the quantitative research methods is based more on the quantitative data. Qualitative research is more useful where the researcher wants to develop the conviction ba sed on the pocketable sample size. On the other hand the quantitative research is useful where the researcher wants to develop the opinion based on larger sample size. In-depth discussion analysis is used to achieve the aims and objectives in qualitative research methods, while the numeric analysis is conducted to achieve the aims and objective of the research. However, sometimes the researcher can also use the mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since the researcher wants to overhear the opinion of customers of Vodafone to understand their satisfaction level, therefore the quantitative as well as qualitative both the research strategies will be used in this research.6.1 Qualitative StrategyAs per the opinion of Saunders et al (2003), the qualitative research is emphasized on exploring the key points and issues related to the research objectives. The qualitative research methods enable the research to determine the way to gain the penetration from the research. Further it seeks the behaviour, value system, motivation, attitude and culture. A lot more approaches for example conducting primary research interviews, feedback, reports and other sources are searched out to get the right information.6.2 quantifiable strategyAccording to Saunders et al (2003), quantitative research methods enable the researcher to extract the information from the opinion of the stooge respondents and conducted a statistical analysis to test the opinion and develop the polish of the research. The quantitative data can be extracted using primary research, financial documents, ratio calculation for the purpose of understanding the company performance. It is essential to understand how company is developing the standards for resolving the customer issues for the increasing the loyalty and business profitability. Therefore it is separate method of collecting the information by from the qualitative analysis.Under the qualitative and quantitative research strategies, the following data collection methods will be utilized.Data Collection using firsthand ResearchAccording to Saunders et al 2003, primary research for data collection is useful to collect the honest and real opinion to achieve the research objectives and resect the conclusion in more realistic way. In primary research, the researcher can collect the information through various methods such as surveys, interviews, observations. Hence it is stringently based on the field research. Since, the research focuses on the customer satisfaction which will be analyzed by collecting the opinion from large set of Vodafone customers. Hence the survey method is more useful to collect the information. Under the quantitative research strategy, a structured questionnaire will be utilized to collect the information towards the satisfaction of the customer towards the Vodafone services. Interviews and observations are irrelevant in this research since it can be conducted save with smaller sample si ze which is irrelevant to draw the conclusion about the customer satisfaction with the Vodafone services. The survey will be conducted among large group of customers of Vodafone to measure their satisfaction level. Given below is the details of move over method used and profile of the target respondents.SamplingSampling is required to define the method of selecting and defining the sample of target respondent from the universe. The research will use the random sampling method since the research is customer focused and large universe of customer available. The researcher therefore can identify the Vodafone customers only after proper screening. Simulation technique will be used to generate the random samples. Random sampling enables the researcher to reach the right target respondents where the universe is large though the incidence is also high (Banker and Morley, 2007). Since Vodafone is the largest provider of telecom services in UK, therefore the universe of people using Vodafo ne services will be very high. The following sample size will be used to collect the opinion of the customers towards satisfaction with the Vodafone servicesCustomers 300 post RespondentsTarget respondents will be consumers of age more than 18 years who are the Vodafone customers and must be using for Vodafone services for minimum last sextuplet months. Research will conduct 50% of the surveys with female customers and remaining 50% with male customers.Survey InstrumentAccording to Saunders et al (2003), questionnaire is the best survey animal to collect the information. A researcher can use either the structured, getup structured or unstructured questionnaire. Structured questionnaire includes all close ended questions, semi structured questionnaire includes mix of close and open ended questions while unstructured questionnaire includes all open ended questions. The unstructured questionnaire is more regarded as discussion guide. The research strategy adopted by the researcher i s mix of quantitative and qualitative research strategy. Primary research is used under the quantitative research methods, therefore the structured questionnaire will be utilised to collect the information.Secondary ResearchIn addition to the primary research, secondary research will be conducted to collect the information from various secondary sources such as company website, news articles, research reports, blogs, academic journals and web articles. Secondary data will be smooth under the qualitative research strategy. Information collected through secondary research will used to develop the literature review in this research by reviewing the views from different authors in the context of customer satisfaction.7. Data AnalysisData analysis is the sensitive part of the research. Therefore it needs special stress while selecting the methods and tools for data analysis. The right selection of data analysis method enables the researcher to meet the desired level of outcome and achi eve the research objective efficiently (Bush et al, 2008). The data will be collected in the line of research aim and research objective. Since both the qualitative and quantitative research strategies have been used to collect the information therefore the researcher will represent the qualitative information through discussion critical analysis while the data collected through quantitative method will be presented through graphs and discussion will be made. Moreover the quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical tools such as regression analysis and measures of central tendency (Bucklin, 2004).8. Reliability and Validity of DataIt is essential for the researcher to maintain the reliability and validity of the data to ensure that the conclusion drawn from the research is academically and ethically appropriate and should not be biased or skewed towards a particular variable. In this view the research will ensure the reliability and validity if the data by suing valid sou rces of information. Pilot test will be conducted to ensure that the information collected though the instrument should not be biased and 100% accurate. Further the information collected through primary research will be cross checked through secondary information. Only academic journals and authenticated websites will be used to collect the information.9. Peers look into and Suggestions for ImprovementI have administered the questionnaire among the peer group and after reviewing it, my peers have identified some issues in the questionnaire. Initially the feedback provided by peer group was to make the questionnaire in a proper sequence as per the recommendation of Deurinck (2007). Also some of the options in each question were not clear for example the service portfolio was incorrect. I made it clear by collecting the information from company website. I have included the likert scale questions and less of the dichotomous questions as per the proposition provided by peer group.10. Limitations DifficultiesThere could be several limitations the researcher might face while conducting this research. Due to time constraint the sample size small to generate the consensus about the satisfaction with the services provided by Vodafone. Also it could not be the reflection of the whole customer base of Vodafone towards the satisfaction. The analysis and interpretation may not be 100% accurate and free from error. The random sampling approach will be used to define the samples which may not be of the quality which is expected as obtained by the complete enumeration survey as it is not possible due to financial and time constraint (Bucklin, 2004).11. endpointThe area of the research is customer satisfaction towards the service offered by large telecom service provider Vodafone. In order to achieve the desired level of objectives and aim, qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used to collect the information. Interpretivism research philosophy will be u sed to generate the desired level of outcome. Primary and secondary data will be used to collect the information. Within the primary method, surveys will be administered among the customer of Vodafone to collect their opinion towards the Vodafone services (Deurinck, 2007). accompaniment A QuestionnaireDear participant, my name is____________ and I am pursuing my _________________ from university. I am conducting a research study in UK telecom sector with emphasis on Vodafone to understand the satisfaction level of customers with the services provided by Vodafone and customer care standards maintained by the company to resolve the customer issues in the partial fulfillment of my degree. I ensure that the complete research work is conducted only for the academic purpose and will not be used for any commercial-grade activity. I am assuring that the information provided by you will be used solely in this research and will not publish any where else I will be highly obliged for your pa rticipation in this survey.Would you wish to continue?Yes (Continue)No (Thanks for your time and terminate)Q1. Please select from the following which fluent connection do you have?Orange (TERMINATE)T-Mobile (TERMINATE)Sprint (TERMINATE)Verizon (TERMINATE)ATT (TERMINATE)Vodafone (CONTINUE)Q2. Please tell me which of the following telecom connection do you have?Post payPre paidQ3. Please rate the service provider based on the service offerings provided to you on the following scale?ExcellentGoodAverage deplorable grandNot SureQ4. Please tell me which of the following offers influenced you to purchase the services from Vodafone?PriceNetwork ServiceBrand ImageVASExpected valueQ5. Please tell me which of the following value added services are most satisfactory to you?SMS PacksConcession call ratesInternet serviceFull smatter timeQ6. Please tell me how long have you used these services from Vodafone? 1 Month1-6 Months6 M 1 YearQ7. Please rate your overall satisfaction level with the s ervices provided by Vodafone?Very SatisfiedSatisfiedNeutralDis comfortableVery Dis squelchedQ8. Please rate the service provided by Vodafone on the following scale based on which you think the services are for value for money?ExcellentGoodFairPoorNot SureQ9. Please tell me what kind of issues you have faced so far for which you need to contact customer care/service incision of Vodafone?Billing RelatedActivation/De-activationInformation of VASsNetwork ProblemExpected ValuesQ10. Please think about recent experience you had with Vodafone, how much satisfied are you with the customer care service from the company?Very SatisfiedSatisfiedNeutralDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedQ11. Please tell me how satisfied are you with the process of getting your queries resolved?Very SatisfiedSatisfiedNeutralDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedThanks for your participation

Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology Essay

Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology EssayFood poisoning is a common problem that affects millions of people in the United States and end-to-end the world. Food poisoning shadow cause distressing and sometimes life threatening problems in humans. People that have eaten contaminated food may be symptom-free or have symptoms ranging from intestinal discomfort to severe dehydration and bloody diarrhea. The following bacteria can cause food poisoning Campylobacter, Shigella, E.Coli, and Salmonella.The Salmonella family contains over 2,300 serotypes of bacteria. A serotype is a group of microorganism, viruses, and cells classified together based on their cell surface antigens. Salmonella is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated and motile bacterium. Salmonella is found in the gastrointestinal booklet of fish, turtles, snakes, lizards, gerbils, hamsters, other rodents and humans. Infection can also be spread from person-to -person. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease that can spread from animals to humans. Salmonellosis can be spread by take uncooked pork, chicken, beef, and fish. Salmonellosis can also be spread by eating contaminated food with Salmonella. Symptoms atomic number 18 bloody or watery diarrhea, contain cramps, throwing-up, fever, head-ache, chills, sweats, fatigue, and a lack of appetite. If the infection is severe the individual might be given antibiotics. The risks of Salmonellosis be the loss of body fluids, dehydration, shock, and death. Remedies for Salmonellosis depend on symptoms. Remedies are antibiotics, rest, eating a bland diet, and drinking plenty of fluids. there are three high school risk groups childs, people above the age of 60, and people with compromised immune systems.Salmonella bacteria can also cause Typhoid pyrexia. Typhoid Fever can be cause by two types of Salmonella bacteria Salmonella typhi bacteria and Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid Fever is contracted by the ingestion of the Salmonella bacteria in contami nated food or water. Patients with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water communicate though stool. The stool contains high concentration bacteria. Patients can be classified as Long-Term Carriers if they have a mild infection and it go unrecognized. The bacteria replicates in the gallbladder, bile ducts, or liver and passes into the bowel. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. Symptoms of Typhoid Fever are high temperature, chest discomfort, abdomen discomfort, headaches, lethargy, poor appetite, ad diarrhea. Typhoid Fever is determined through a stool culture. Typhoid Fever is treated with Antibiotics.There are several scientists doing research on the Salmonella bacteria. There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Spaceship that may lead to vaccinum against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. Scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research dish up have developed a poultry vaccinum for some strains of Salmonella in poultry. The study of how Salmonella contaminates powder infant formula has attentioned them to create quality assurance procedures, to help prevent contamination of Powder Infant Formula. Scientists are trying to use Salmonella as remedy for hypoxia to help the in treatment of cancer. There are a group of scientists in Morocco that did a study on food samples from Morocco to determine if the food they were eating contained Salmonella.There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Space that may lead to vaccine against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. Dr. Cheryl Nickerson has produced studies that have shown that Salmonella becomes more virulent in weightlessness environment. Salmonellas virulence can be controlled like an on and off switch. NASA started these studies because they were concerned about their astronauts being more susceptible to food poisoning due to their weakened immune systems. Weakened immune systems are due to microgravity. Researchers discovered that microgravity changes Salmonella. The scientists can use this information from space on Earth because the environment intimate the intestines is similar to the weightlessness in space. Another Scientist, Professor Timothy Hammond, is pursuing a vaccine based on the genetic changes seen in the space-borne bacteria. There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Space that may lead to vaccine against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. (Klotz, 2009)Scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service developed a poultry vaccine to reduce the spread Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritis) infection among flocks. S.enteritis is a serotype of Salmonella .This current epidemic is caused by egg-borne Salmonellosis. Egg-Borne Salmonellosis is caused to intact and disinfected grade A bombard because S.enteritidis infects the ovaries silently. This contaminates the hens eggs. The vaccine reduces shedding ten to forty percent more effectively than the three commercial vaccines that are currently being used. The vaccine reduces the amount of S.enteritidis that is determined in the birds digestive tract that helps eliminate the pathogen shedding in the birds feces. The vaccine also eliminates the pathogen invasion of the birds internal organs. The vaccine is an experimental oil emulsion vaccine. This vaccine is different from commercial preparations because it increases specific levels of antibodies in the digestive tract which reduces the Salmonella in the hens intestinal tract and prevents infection of eggs and disease of transmission. In this research study, the vaccine was administered to the birds subcutaneously in two doses four to six weeks apart before exposing the birds to S.enteritidis. Researchers performed strict measures to ensure that there are no other pathogens were present in the hens before and during the investigation. In the 1970s, meticulous procedures for cleanin g and inspecting eggs were implemented to reduce Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is caused by the external fecal contamination of egg shells. S.enteritidis became a public health concern in the 1980s. The pathogen invades poultry which can cause harm to the reproductive organs that can lead to contamination of the eggs. In the 1990s, scientists started to develop poultry vaccines against S.enteritidis. Currently, xxv million doses of S.enteritidis vaccine are used annually. (Smith, 2006)Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) is not a sterile product and may be contaminated with pathogens that can cause serious illness in infants (children aged

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and Mind

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and MindStacey CampbellAbstractCaffeine and nicotine argon products that we ar very(prenominal) familiar with. Both ar engross of ethicals and servicesd throughout the world and m another(prenominal) been for hundreds if non thousands of years. They atomic number 18 not illegal except they argon technically considered to be drugs. They venture the genius in m some(prenominal) of the same ways that other drugs that are addictive do. Caffeine and nicotine both affect the system as well. Both substances have been shown to have approximately measure of benefit but they john both cause health concerns. With repeated use the eubstance put up develop a tolerance to them which can lead to abuse, dependency and addiction.Keywords Caffeine, Nicotine, Addiction, Abuse, Dependency, Health, Body, BrainCaffeine and Nicotine What They Do To the Body and MindIt is probably safe to assume that most people dont be drinking an nada dri nk loaded with caffeine, not being able to really start their day before their daily appointment with their first form of coffee or victimisation baccy products throughout the day with drug use. Caffeine and nicotine are however, the most widely utilize recreational drugs (Julien, Advokat Comaty, 2011). When examining the reasons that caffeine and nicotine are used by so umteen people we find that they are both available in a wide variety of products, are inexpensive and are legal to purchase provided you meet age requirements for purchasing tobacco plant products. They also have psychostimulant properties that users find pleasurable or rewarding. Using too oft of either drug can result in consumptionual use or dependency. This paper will focus on the ways that caffeine and nicotine use affects the body and the mind.The main reason that I chose to research this topic is that prior to this class I never really thought of caffeine or nicotine as drugs. I knew that people cou ld crave them, experience symptoms of withdrawal if they close upped using them, and that both can have adverse side effects and cause health problems but despite having that knowledge I didnt think of them like I would cocaine or heroin. This could be simply because I am so familiar with both. I dont use tobacco products but my parents smoked while I was growing up. People I work with triumph for their smoke breaks every day. The first social function I do when I get to work is fill up my coffee mug and I reckon forward to a Diet Mountain Dew when the afternoon starts dragging. Being exposed to tobacco use all my life I have always hated it so I pretty more viewed it as a very harmful, nasty habit. I admittedly have a major crush on, if not a slight addiction to caffeine. I guess I just thought of caffeine as a less than ideal choice but because I enjoy the natural sources it is found in I continue to choose to consume them. It will be interesting for me to research the ways that the body and mind are affected by using caffeine and nicotine when looking at them from a different perspective than usual.CaffeineCaffeine can be found in numerous foods and beverages that are included in the typical standard American diet. Among other sources we can find it in our morning loving cup of coffee, a chocolate bar from the vending machine or a glass of tea with dinner. If we are feeling really tired or motive to stay awake to organize sure we meet a deadline and we dont think the coffee is going to cut it we can run to the local anaesthetic drug store and find a few medications that contain caffeine, herbal supplements if we prefer whateverthing a little more natural or even energy drinks with very high levels of caffeine if we need an intense surge of caffeine to enhance athletic performance or need to be very insomniac (Julien et al, 2011).Caffeine gets a bad rap sometimes. While the negative attention isnt completely unwarranted, author Jessica Girdwain su ggests that caffeine whitethorn be, the worlds ruff drug (Girdwain, 2013). She supports her theory by sharing some of the benefits of caffeine. She says that consuming jibe amounts of caffeine can sharpen your mind and improve your cognitive skills by excite parts of the consciousness that are in charge of cognitive thinking, pleasure and alertness. She also claims it can boost a sluggish metabolism by bear on the central nervous system. Additional benefits she mentions in her article are disease prevention because consuming caffeine can reduce the risk of developing diabetes and some kinds of breast cancer as it can strengthen the bodys defense systems and can trigger the release of dopamine which can decrease the jeopardy of developing depression. She says you may also find that your workouts may be more effective and easier if you drink a little coffee just before because caffeine blocks adenosine so muscles do not get tired as quickly. (Girdwain, 2013).That all sounds l ike good news to me but as with most other good things using too much can be problematic. There are health hazards that are associated with using too much caffeine or using it long term. The potential for abusing caffeine is paltry but it is considered to be an atypical drug of abuse and it is possible for some users to show signs of dependence or abuse. They may feel distressed by the amount of caffeine they use, feel like they cannot stop using it or feel unable to control the amount they are using Because of this there has been debate over whether or not caffeine abuse or dependence should be considered a diagnosis (Ogawa Ueki, 2007) Doctors Ogawa and Ueki state that, real grammatical cases suggest that caffeine can produce a clinical dependence syndrome similar to those produced by other psychoactive substances (Ogawa Ueki, 2007)Caffeine effects the brain by impersonating the neurochemical adenosine. Adenosine is produced by neurons and the more your body produces the calme r you let. When levels are high complete you get sleepy. The level of adenosine in the body is monitored through receptors, especially the A1 receptor, in the brain and in the body. Caffeine is the same shape and size of adenosine so it enters the receptors the same way but rather than activating them it blocks the nervous systems ability to monitor the level of adenosine. This allows the neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine, which the body produces naturally, to continue providing their stimulant effect while the adenosine levels are essentially on hold. So caffeine isnt really doing the stimulating, it just allows the dopamine and glutamate to do their thing unhindered by adenosine. This effect doesnt last forever and eventually the nervous system will prevail and the tired or sluggish feelings pay so we seek out more caffeine. This is why we feel like we cant function until after the first cup of coffee severally morning (DiSalvo, 2012).Caffeine begins to work quickly wit hin the body but it impacts everyone a little differently. Some people will experience insomnia if they have any caffeine after midday while others can have a cup of caffeinated coffee with dessert after dinner and sleep like a baby. Caffeine stimulates the respiratory and central nervous system and can cause an increase in parentage pressure and fondness rate. It can result in increased production of stomach acid which can irritate the stomachs lining. It can have a diuretic effect and has been linked to osteoporosis and a decline in bone density. Heavy or prolonged caffeine use can lead to nervousness, agitation, feeling jittery or shaky and heart palpitations. Caffeine abuse can also trigger the adrenal glands to release hormones that will tell the body to release blood glucose from the storehouses. This causes the pancreas to work harder to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood glucose levels in the body (Connolly, 2000). As with other addictive drugs people may experie nce withdrawal symptoms if the decide to cut out the caffeine. They may feel a little edgy, be more irritable, be more tired than usual and have headaches for awhile as the body adjusts to not get the caffeine fix it has become accustomed to receiving (DiSalvo, 2012).NicotineUnlike caffeine, nicotine use is widely known to be related to numerous health problems. While Nicotine can have adverse effects it cannot carry the full blame for disease and death related to its use. Nicotine is what causes a person to become dependent on and addicted to tobacco use but the other compounds contained in cigarettes are to blame for the high level of toxicity. Nicotine can be obtained by smoking cigarettes, using smokeless tobacco products like chewing tobacco and tobacco products that are dissolvable (Julien et al, 2011).Many smokers begin smoking at a young age and continue the habit throughout their lifetime. Nicotine is easily absorbed into the body through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and lungs. When inhaled it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs. Users can regulate the amount of nicotine in their blood controlling the number of breaths they take, how deeply they inhale, how long they wait before expelling the smoke from their lungs and how many cigarettes they use. Nicotine is dispersed throughout the body rapidly and there are no barriers that it cannot cross and it is found in all bodily fluids (Julien et al, 2011).Nicotine differs from other drugs of addiction because it goes directly to the brain where neurotransmitters that result in gratification are produced rather of stopping at other sensory centers. Using nicotine for an extended time can affect the way the brain functions and even alter the structure of the brain. The centers of the brain that control emotions and motivation develop connections in response to high levels of nicotine. These changes make it very difficult for a person to resist the triggers that mak e them want to smoke. They may want to or attempt to quit smoking but smoking is more than just a habit, it is also a compulsion. The structural changes in the brain do not revert back to normal simply because one stops smoking. It can take years of abstaining from cigarettes for these changes to be resolved. This makes the risk of relapse very high (Leone, unknown)Within seconds of nicotine entering the bloodstream it enters the brain and binds to neural receptors. This calls the neurons to action. Networks of neurons that are contained within the brains reward center signal the release of dopamine, a natural feel good chemical. This makes the brain consider nicotine to be a positive activity, like eating or sexual activity are. Continued nicotine use strengthens this connection and the brain begins to consider it as necessary for survival as eating, drinking and procreating. Dopamine levels drop as nicotine levels do. This results in cravings that trigger the smoker to reach for another cigarette that will deliver the nicotine the brain thinks it must have. As with caffeine and other addictive drugs the more nicotine you use the more you need as the body becomes tolerant. Smokers become chemically dependent early on and the addiction grows stronger over time. Neural pathways that connect smoking to all kinds of emotions and situations begin to form. That is why cigarettes are commonly smoked almost in a ritualistic manner. Stressed? Driving? barely finished a meal or task? Just finished having Sex? Reach for a cigarette because the emotions and situations are connected and these and many others trigger the desire for a nicotine fix because they are associated with each other by the brain (Kellet, 2012)As mentioned above the thousands of compounds found in cigarettes are more hazardous to the body than nicotine itself is. The deadly chemicals and compounds in cigarettes increase the risk of many kinds of cancer throughout the body. It can weaken the immune system, lead to heart disease, shorten life expectancy dramatically, raise blood pressure, increase the risk of shooting and cause many respiratory diseases like emphysema, COPD and asthma. Women who smoke during pregnancy risk increase of premature delivery, low birth weight and Sudden Infant finale Syndrome. Men who smoke are also more likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction. This is certainly not an exhaustive list of the damage cigarettes can cause. (National pubic louse Institute, unknown). Nicotine in and of itself can still affect the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and respiratory system negatively. Nicotine has been shown to boost working memory and performance of cognitive tasks (Julien et al, 2011). Some research has also shown that it may help prevent ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and Tourettes Syndrome (Hamilton, Unknown). Even though nicotine may have some benefits it seems that the risks outweigh t he benefits. Jack Henningfield said,At this point, I would contend that the cognitive benefits which have been documented are of such limited generality and low magnitude that they could hardly be considered to be clinically meaningful, except for nicotines efficacy in reversing deficits which occur during cigarette abstinence in nicotine dependent people (Henningfield, 1994).Christianity and burden AbuseAlthough smoking and caffeine use are not specifically addressed in the rule book there are many passages in the Bible that urge and warn Christians to avoid treating our bodies badly. One that clearly states how Christians should view substance abuse of any kind is found in 1st Corinthians. It reads, Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body (1st Corinthians 619-20, New International Version). It doesnt get much clearer than that. While m any Christians use caffeine and nicotine those things, especially when used to the point of addiction and abuse, would probably not be considered to be a way that we can glorify God with our bodies. Using these substances will not make a person unforgivable. They can still be saved and cannot lose their salvation if they are already saved. Freeing yourself from addiction is hard but if we are willing to try we can find encouragement in Scripture as well. Phillipians 413 says, I can do all things through him who gives me strength (Holy Bible, NIV). The struggle may be real but the strength of Christ can help us overcome.Caffeine and Nicotine are both substances that affect the brain and body. They create feelings of pleasure within the body that leave us wanting to experience the feelings again. Caffeine can give us a much needed pick me up. It is easy to develop a habit of consuming caffeine and over time can turn into a dependency or addiction as we continue to trick our bodies int o being alert and responsive. It is also easy to justify using caffeine as the risk for abusing it is low and moderate use doesnt seem to be terribly dangerous. There are certainly worse things we could be putting in our bodies than coffee, colas and Hershey bars.Nicotine dependency can run a risk fairly quickly. The brain adapts to the drug and the desire to keep levels of nicotine and dopamine steady is so strong that it drives the user to keep going back for more. This is often the case even when they know fully well that doing so is likely damaging their health, could shorten their lifespan and can be compromising the health of the people who are around them when they smoke. They may wish to stop smoking but the changes that nicotine causes within the body make quitting a monumental task and if they do manage to stop using products containing nicotine the chance of relapsing is fairly high. There are products available that may help people who are trying to stop smoking. They p rovide nicotine in measured amounts to help people maintain and decrease nicotine levels while avoiding the habit of smoking cigarettes to get their fix. People can try using chewing mucilage with nicotine, patches that are applied to the skin that allow nicotine to be absorbed into the body, nasal sprays and electronic cigarettes. These products also eliminate the exposure to the 4000 plus compounds that are released when tobacco is burned-out (Julien et al, 2011).ConclusionResearching caffeine and nicotine through new lenses has revealed that they both act very similarly to other addictive drugs within the body. The body enjoys them and desires them. The body can become tolerant to both so users will need to use more to satisfy the cravings. They may not be illegal but they certainly can be addictive. Both can cause withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped suddenly. Sounds quite a bit like drug use and abuse to me.ReferencesConnolly, R. (2000, imperious 7). Caffeine. Retrieved f rom http//www.pe2000.com/self_help_techniques/caffeine/DiSalvo, D. (212, July 26). What caffene really does to your brain. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2012/07/26/what-caffeine-really-does-to-your-brain/Girdwain, J. (2013). Is caffeine the worlds BEST drug?. Redbook, 220(3), 90.Hamilton, W. (Unknown). Nicotine benefits. Retrieved from http//www.forces.org/evidence/hamilton/other/nicotine.htmHenningfield, J. (1994). Comments on wests editorial beneficial effect of nicotine fact or parable?. Retrieved from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00865.x/pdfJulien, R., Advokat, C., Comaty, J. (2011). A primer of drug action. (12th ed.).New York, NY Worth Publishers.Kellett, C. (2012, December 3). The short and long term effects of nicotine on the brain. Retrieved from https//www.google.com/search?q=how nicotine affects the brainsourceid=ie7rls=com.microsoften-usIE-Addressie=oe=rlz=Leone, F. (Unknown). Nicotines effect on the brain. Retri eved from http//phillycopd.com/WP1/web-cme-resourcesintroduction/section-1-tobacco-use-treatment/knowledgecontent/nicotine-brain-effect/National Cancer Institute. (Unknown). Harms of smoking and health benefits of quitting. Retrieved from http//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/cessationOgawa, N., Ueki, H. (2007). Clinical importance of caffeine dependence and abuse. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 61(3), 263-268. doi10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01652.x

School Systems :: essays research papers

The Ontario crop system dedicates a great deal of the richly inform curriculum towards preparing students for University. Ontario high schools provide students with many courses that will help prep ar the students that decide to go on to post secondary education. However, the Ontario School System lacks in preparing them for the most prominent aspect of University, stress. The Ontario school system does not prep ar students for any of the on coming stresses which will be the number one gene in a students success or failure at University.The Ontario school system does not prepares students for the stress of living away from home. At the high school level, whenever a student is having a problem, the school calls the parents to fix the problem. High schools also have parent-teacher interviews where the parents and teachers discuss problems of the students without them present. Parents are alerted as soon as their son or daughter is having any select of problem. Having the parents involved all the time results in the students to not be able to solve their own problems. Because of the Ontario school systems protocol of having parents involved at all times students are not disposed(p) for the stress of having to deal with their own problems at University. Students are not prepared for the stress coming from the University workload when they leave high school. In high school students are assigned a major project, then it is weeks before they are assigned another. Teachers give students weeks, if not months to prepare for a major assignment. High school teachers also accommodate for tests or projects in other classes. When students get to University, they are assigned many major assignments at the same time in different courses and have very little time to complete them. Because of the Ontario School System, students are not prepared for the stresses of a University workload.The Ontario school system does not prepare students for the stress of not having a teach ers support at all times. In high school there is always a teacher present to help any student at any time. Whenever a student has any sort of problem they have the knowledge that the student can request the aid of their teacher. At the University level, the classes can have more than two hundred students as contend to the 30 students in high school classes. Professors do not have enough time to address the problems of each of their students.

Searching for Meaning in Shakespeare’s Tempest :: Tempest essays

intrusive for Meaning in Shakespeares Tempest Shakespeare lived and wrote in the Elizabethan age, a time when his nightclub was branching out and making itself known throughout the world bycolonizing other cultures. Great Britain was reaching for new senior high of power.In the play Shakespeare questions the set of this new concept of Britishimperialism. The Tempest is called Shakespeares American play, because hecalls into question Englands right to colonize other nations, much as Americancolonists did with America cc years later. The Tempest was Shakespeares last play. For his entire life he hadwritten plays to please the Queen. For this play it appears he made acontroversial statement by challenging the values of his Queen and his country. Evidence of this is abundant in the play. The story rotates around thefact that Prospero, a European noble, had enforce himself on an island, alreadyinhabited. Prospero is interpret as a worthy man, who was usurped from his throne.The reade r has automatic sympathy for the character. This allows him more leewayfor wrong doing by creating room for it indoors the readers mind. Prospero cameto the island with his daughter to find it already inhabited by two savages.Upon arrival, Prospero brought his new ideas with him, and began to force themupon these two savages, Sycorax and Caliban. He believed that his new ideas werebetter, such as slavery irrelevant to freedom, which he imposed on Caliban. Dull thing, I say so he, that Caliban, Whom now I keep in my service. (Act. I, Sc. II, Ln. 285,6) This view of whose ideas were better is an obvious outcome of opinion, one ofthe biggest drawbacks to transforming old ideas into new. Prospero was the world-class male that Caliban had seen in his life. As a lower being Caliban worshipped and praised Prospero, as the quote below shows,until Prospero began to mistreat him. I know it by thy agitate now Prosper works upon thee (Act II, Sc. II, Ln. 81-3) This worship caused Prospero to act as a ruler above him, eventuallypushing him to be the tyrant over Caliban, including robbing Caliban of hisfreedom. property within his worship, Caliban lost his self-confidence and anydrive for good deeds. Because Prospero had imposed himself upon Caliban,Calibans life began to decline. Without drive, or freedom for that matter,Caliban turned to a vegetable only operative as a slave to Prospero. Again, theact of asserting that your ideas are superior can cause indelible harm to theSearching for Meaning in Shakespeares Tempest Tempest essays Searching for Meaning in Shakespeares Tempest Shakespeare lived and wrote in the Elizabethan age, a time when hissociety was branching out and making itself known throughout the world bycolonizing other cultures. Great Britain was reaching for new heights of power.In the play Shakespeare questions the value of this new concept of Britishimperialism. The Tempest is called Shakespeares American play, because hecalls into question Engl ands right to colonize other nations, much as Americancolonists did with America 200 years later. The Tempest was Shakespeares last play. For his entire life he hadwritten plays to please the Queen. For this play it appears he made acontroversial statement by challenging the values of his Queen and his country. Evidence of this is abundant in the play. The story rotates around thefact that Prospero, a European noble, had imposed himself on an island, alreadyinhabited. Prospero is depicted as a worthy man, who was usurped from his throne.The reader has automatic sympathy for the character. This allows him more leewayfor wrong doing by creating room for it within the readers mind. Prospero cameto the island with his daughter to find it already inhabited by two savages.Upon arrival, Prospero brought his new ideas with him, and began to force themupon these two savages, Sycorax and Caliban. He believed that his new ideas werebetter, such as slavery opposed to freedom, which he imposed o n Caliban. Dull thing, I say so he, that Caliban, Whom now I keep in my service. (Act. I, Sc. II, Ln. 285,6) This view of whose ideas were better is an obvious matter of opinion, one ofthe biggest drawbacks to transforming old ideas into new. Prospero was the first male that Caliban had seen in his life. As a lower being Caliban worshipped and praised Prospero, as the quote below shows,until Prospero began to mistreat him. I know it by thy trembling now Prosper works upon thee (Act II, Sc. II, Ln. 81-3) This worship caused Prospero to act as a ruler above him, eventuallypushing him to be the tyrant over Caliban, including robbing Caliban of hisfreedom. Keeping within his worship, Caliban lost his self-confidence and anydrive for good deeds. Because Prospero had imposed himself upon Caliban,Calibans life began to decline. Without drive, or freedom for that matter,Caliban turned to a vegetable only working as a slave to Prospero. Again, theact of asserting that your ideas are superio r can cause indelible harm to the